种子是农业的“芯片”,是促进农业长期稳定发展、保障粮食安全的基础性、战略性产业。近日,河南省人民政府印发《“中原农谷”建设方案》(以下简称《方案》),以国家生物育种产业创新中心和神农种业实验室为内核,打造要素共享、协调创新、具有独特品牌优势的“中原农谷”,从更高水平上筑牢国家粮食安全根基。
破解种业“卡脖子”,河南如何作为?对此,河南农业大学、河南省农科院有关专家对《方案》进行了解读。
打好种业翻身仗,河南展现新担当。《方案》明确了“中原农谷”的发展定位,以建设国家农业创新高地为引领,聚力打造“四大中心、两个示范区”。其中,“四大中心”为国家种业科技创新中心、现代粮食产业科技创新中心、农业科技成果转移转化中心、农业对外合作交流中心;“两个示范区”则为农业高新技术产业示范区、智慧(数字)农业示范区。
从区域布局上看,“中原农谷”以郑新一体化发展为牵引,实施“一核三区”发展战略,总规划面积为1476平方千米。其中,“一核”东至中州大道(101省道)、原阳县县界,南起黄河北岸沿黄生态观光大道,西至获嘉县、武陟县县界,北至新乡县县界,共206平方千米。包括国家生物育种产业创新中心、神农种业实验室、河南现代农业研究开发基地、国家现代种业产业园、国家小麦技术创新中心示范基地,以种子、种苗、种畜(禽)为主攻方向,打造以种业为突出特征的农业创新高地和农业科技新城。“三区”共1270平方千米,以延津县部分区域为主体的东区,新乡县、获嘉县部分区域为主体的西区,以原阳县部分区域为主体的南区。
其实,《方案》出台前,以种业为突出特征的农业创新高地正在如火如荼建设中。中国工程院院士、河南省农科院院长张新友介绍,河南是农业大省,但还不是种业强省,虽然在小麦、玉米、花生等谷物领域有突破,但在高端蔬菜、猪、奶牛等多领域有短板,种业创新能力不足,大部分种子公司从事“买和卖”。2018年,河南在平原新区组建占地4500多亩的生物育种创新中心,目前4000多亩实验基地已经建成,300多亩的科研设施正在加速建设。2021年,神农实验室的挂牌进一步加速了种子科技攻关的步伐。随着《方案》的发布,国家种业科技创新中心的蓝图正在一步步变为现实。
根据规划,到2035年,“中原农谷”将建成一个千亿级种业和粮食产业集群。《方案》明确,到2025年,建成国内一流的种业创新平台,国家生物育种产业创新中心科技创新能力国内领先、国际知名,神农种业实验室成为国家实验室或成为国家实验室的重要组成部分,种业产业化实力迈入全国第一方阵;打造小麦、玉米等优势作物产业科技创新高地,创建国家农业高新技术产业示范区,初步成为具有一定影响力的种业、粮食科技创新中心;培育1家全国十强种业企业并实现上市,农业领域高新技术企业达到10家以上,培育3~5家国家级农业产业化龙头企业。
“中国饭碗里一定能装更多河南粮,中国粮也一定会更多用上中国‘芯’,国家粮食安全的主动权一定会牢牢攥在中国人自己手里。”农业农村部小麦专家指导组顾问、河南农业大学教授郭天财说,“中原农谷”的建设与运行,必将对实现更高水平的农业科技自立自强,为河南加快建设现代农业强省奠定坚实的基础,提供强有力的支撑。
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